In modern British use the application of the word is narrowed; the subscribed capital of a public company is called shares when it is divided into portions of uniform amount, and stock when any desired amount may be bought or sold.

Stoker: One who feeds and tends a furnace [OED]

The fireman. Employed to tend the fire.

Small lumps of indigo and starch [Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluing_(fabric)] used to combat yellowing, and hence preserve the whiteness of garments and fabrics in laundering, by adding a slight tint of blue [OED]. 

Stood - to stand - to pay for others;  especially alcoholic drink

A sheep, steer, cow or pig acquired or kept for fattening. [OED]

Probably a panel from the rear of the cab roof to the front of the tender* to provide protection from the wind and to prevent coal dust being blown into the cab. 

* A carriage specially constructed to carry fuel and water for a locomotive engine, to the rear of which it is attached.

Reference:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tender_(rail) [accessed 24Sep2019]

stot: A young castrated ox, a steer [OED]

Stout:-  a strong variety of porter. [OED]

Strap: To work closely and energetically (at a task); to buckle to one's work. Also with adverb, as to, away. slang. [OED]

Meaning unknown

Eat

Worthless ideas, discourse, or writing; nonsense

A person or thing of extraordinary excellence.

Investors

A form of elevated monorail where the vehicle is suspended from a fixed track (as opposed to a cable used in aerial tramways.)They were the brainchild of Henry Robinson Palmer (1795-1844). The first suspended railway was opened at Cheshunt on June 25, 1825 using Palmer's patent. It was built to carry bricks, but as an opening stunt it carried passengers.

Reference
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_railway

Chimney sweeper - One whose business it is to sweep chimneys, in order to remove the soot [OED]

“Chimney Sweepers” from Costume of the Lower Orders of London, designed and engraved from Nature by T.L. Busby”, 1820.
depicts a London sweep in company with his climbing boy. They carry short brushes, a scraper, blankets for the removal of soot and they are ragged and dusty. 

Swell: Stylishly or handsomely dressed or equipped; of good (social) position; of distinguished appearance or status.

Stylishly or handsomely dressed or equipped; of good social position; of distinguished appearance or status [OED]

Swell: One who is stylishly or handsomely dressed or equipped; of good (social) position; of distinguished appearance or status.