The Margate Steam Packet Company boat Majestic was built in 1816
[Dix, F Royal river Highway, A history of the passenger boats and services on the river Thames p248]

To 'make shift' is to implement an expedient measure

A machine for squeezing water from and pressing linen, clothing, etc., after washin. (OED) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangle_(machine)

Squeezing water from and pressing linen, clothing, etc., after washing by means of a machine called a mangle. (OED) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangle_(machine)

son, young man, boy

mantle: A loose sleeveless cloak [OED]

Mantles c1855

An informal movement encouraging technological innovation and the scientific education of the the labouring classes. It reached it peak of influence during the 1820s. [CPB]

A legal agreement drawn up before a marriage by the two parties, setting out terms with respect to rights of property and succession. OED

Marrow: A companion, a friend; a fellow worker, a partner [OED]

The god of war of the ancient Romans [OED]

An upper class person who seeks out entertainment in places catering for the entertainment of the lower classes (e.g. Music Halls)
[Judith Bower, Director, Britannia Panopticon Music Hall, Glasgow in Shopgirls: The True Story of Life behind the Counter. BBC4 Transmitted 20th June2108]

John Loudon McAdam (1756-1836) Scottish engineer noted for the development of road making

Mealman: A person who deals in meal or flour [OED]

Mechanic a person: having a manual occupation; working at a trade. [OED]

Probably members of parliament.

Shared accommodation usually an eating place.

Giacomo Meyerbeer (1791-1854) German composer of opera

The feast of St Michael (St Michael and all Angels), one of the quarter days in England, Ireland, and Wales; the date of this, 29 September. Also: a period or season around this date [OED]

a thousand murders. Irish

Bout of bare-knuckle boxing or similar unrestrained fight. [CPB]