Buck = A gay, dashing fellow; a dandy, fop, ‘fast’ man. Used also as a form of familiar address. (OED)

Buffer: A mildly denigratory term for a bumbling, elderly person usually of the middle or upper classes. [CPB]

The apparatus for deadening the force of a concussion; as a round plate or cushion (usually supported by a strong spring) fixed in pairs at the front and back of railway carriages or engines, or on the face of a terminal wall of a line of railway. [OED]

BAD bug, see bug (recursion!)

Bull: One who endeavours by speculative purchases, or otherwise, to raise the price of stocks. Bull was originally a speculative purchase for a rise. (OED)

Drinking vessel

A fist

A stopper; spec. a large cork stopper for the 'mouth' of a cask, [OED]

The OED gives Berk : to clot. make matted. In this context burk seems to mean something like overpower or defeat.

Robert Burns (1759-1796) Scottish poet and lyricist - regarded as the national poet of Scotland

A measure of capacity used for corn, fruit, etc., containing four pecks or eight gallons  [OED] (approximately 36.4 litres)

Before 1850, A stuffed pad worn below the waist under a woman's skirt to distend it. The Workwoman's Guide published in 1838, recommends that bustles be made in jean, strong calico, or glazed calico. Two bustles (Fig. 30-32 and Fig. 31) are essentially flounced fabric. Fig. 33 is a "down bustle," [Ref: http://demodecouture.com/late-18th-century-skirt-supports/].

Bustles became much larger later in the see bustle(2)

A servant who has charge of the wine-cellar and dispenses the liquor. Formerly also, one who hands round wine, a cup-bearer. He is now usually the head-servant of a household, who keeps the plate, etc. (OED)

A cask for ale or wine, capacity varying from 108 to 140 gallons [OED]  409-530 Litres

Full of health, vigour, and good temper; well-favoured, plump and comely, ‘jolly’, comfortable-looking (in person). (Chiefly of women.)

Probably as in "buzz off"; to leave immediately. [CPB]

The mass is the communion service; so “by the mass” is an oath.

George Gordon Byron,(1788–1824) Poet

Meaning unkown

Cabriolet; A light two-wheeled chaise drawn by one horse, having a large hood of wood or leather, and an ample apron to cover the lap and legs of the occupant. Contracted by 1830 to cab, and in later times applied to any vehicle known by that name. Applied not only to the original vehicle so named and its improved successor the ‘hansom’, but also to four-wheeled carriages shaped like broughams